Electrical discharge machining removes material with electrical sparks rather than cutting forces. That difference gives EDM a unique set of capabilities.
Two EDM processes serve different geometric requirements.
When a feature must hold tolerance after hardening, precise EDM services are often the only practical route. Wire EDM holds ±0.0002″ on contours, and our EDM service can finish profiles that would be impossible to cut with an end mill. Because the part is already at its final hardness, there is no distortion from post-hardening cutting and no tool wear to compensate for.
We use precise EDM services for parts such as:
Gear and spline profiles in hardened steel
Extrusion and stamping die components
Keyways and slots in heat-treated shafts
Thin-wall and fragile features in medical and aerospace parts
Carbide, titanium, and Inconel components
Our sinker EDM services use custom copper or graphite electrodes to produce cavities, slots, and recesses that wire cannot reach. The electrode is machined to the inverse of the finished feature, then fed into the workpiece to erode the shape. This makes sinker EDM services well suited to mold cavities, deep ribs, blind keyways, and sharp-cornered pockets in hardened tool steel.
Typical accuracy is ±0.0005″ on cavity features, and surface finish can be improved with finishing passes when the application needs it.
| Wire EDM | Brass wire (0.004″–0.012″ diameter) for through-cut profiles in any electrically conductive material; taper cutting available. |
| Sinker EDM | Custom copper or graphite electrodes for blind cavities, slots, and recessed features. |
| Material | Any electrically conductive material, including hardened steel, carbide, titanium, Inconel, copper, and aluminum. |
| Dimensional Accuracy | Wire EDM: ±0.0002″ on contours; Sinker EDM: ±0.0005″ on cavity features. |
| Surface Finish | Ra 8–32 microinch as-cut; finer finishes available with additional skim passes. |
| Minimum Slot Width | 0.005″ minimum through-slot; dependent on material and part geometry. |
| Minimum Inside Radius | Approximately equal to the wire radius (0.002″–0.006″) for Wire EDM. |
| Documentation | Process certifications and dimensional inspection reports provided with finished parts. |
| ISO | ISO 9001:2015; outside suppliers qualified under RPM’s approved vendor procedures. |
Specify EDM when your part has one or more of these requirements:
Features in hardened or heat-treated material that must be produced after hardening
Narrow slots or keyways where the width is too small for a standard end mill
Internal corners with near-zero radius requirements
Thin-wall features where cutting forces would cause deflection or damage
Exotic alloy features where tool wear in conventional machining is prohibitive
High-accuracy contour profiles that require ±0.0002″ or better dimensional tolerance
Yes this is one of EDM’s primary advantages. Wire and sinker EDM machine hardened materials as readily as soft materials. Common practice is to rough-machine before hardening and EDM the precision features after eliminating distortion risk from post-hardening conventional machining.
Wire EDM typically produces Ra 16–32 microinch in the as-cut condition. Multiple skim passes improve surface finish to Ra 8 or better. For bearing surfaces and sealing faces, we specify additional skim passes or subsequent grinding to meet finish requirements.
Yes. Wire EDM cuts through any thickness of conductive material that fits within the machine’s Z-axis travel. Common cut heights range from a fraction of an inch to 12 inches or more. Taper angle capability allows cutting of die and punch profiles with draft angles.
Typical EDM turnaround through our outside supplier network is one to two weeks for standard wire EDM work. Complex sinker EDM with custom electrode fabrication may require two to three weeks. We schedule EDM operations in parallel with other outside operations where possible to minimize total elapsed time.